Cowpea is mostly grown as a kharif crop but can be grown as a rabi crop in peninsular India. It may be suitable for rice fallows in Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamilnadu. It is the only arid legume of widespread across the continents and growing well in arid and semi-arid regions with wide adaptations. Moreover, crop is known for good regeneration potential and can be grown in kharif, summer and winter seasons. The average productivity of this crop is quite poor as compared to other pulses which is now to the tune of 350 kg/ha. The cowpea market is US$ 7.21 billion in 2023 and has been forecasted to be US$ 9.43 billion by 2028 with the CAGR of 5.50%. In recent years cowpea has been included in food security program of different countries. The demand of cowpea is increasing since it is rich in antioxidants, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fibre. In addition, cowpea plays an imperative role in improving soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation.